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Investments, Foreign. --- Tax incentives. --- Investments, Foreign --- Tax incentives --- Incentives, Tax --- Tax subsidies --- Taxation --- Tax expenditures --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments

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Law --- Droit --- Business law --- -Investments, Foreign --- -Business Law --- -346.0709561 --- Eb1.ftur --- Business --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- -Business law --- Commercial law --- Investments, Foreign --- 346.0709561

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This report examines the currently highly topical issue of corporate tax incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI). The ability to offer an internationally competitive tax system is increasingly seen today as a determinative factor influencing FDI. With corporate income tax identified as the component that impacts most directly on multinational companies, much of the pressure for lowering host country tax burdens to attract capital is focused upon this tax. At the same time, corporate taxation plays an important withholding function, raising revenues on domestic-source income that might otherwise escape the tax net. The desire to tax this income while not discouraging foreign investors raises critical questions concerning the sensitivity of FDI to taxation and the appropriate setting of various tax provisions that determine the host country tax burden and influence investment and financing behaviour. This report considers various corporate tax measures to encourage FDI and a range of issues relevant to assessing their use. Given the central question of how much additional investment can be expected from tax relief and at what cost, the report summarises recent empirical findings which show increasing sensitivity of FDI to host country tax burdens, consistent with trends towards increasing globalisation of production. Other findings are considered which highlight tax-planning opportunities created by certain approaches, leading to unintended revenue leakage. The report emphasises the need to assess possible host and home country tax interactions which can influence tax incentive results, and more generally the need to look beyond what conventional economic analysis might suggest. While the report is intended primarily as a guide for policy makers in emerging market economies, it may serve as a reference document to tax policy analysts more generally

Taxation --- Finance and Investment --- Investments, Foreign --- Tax incentives --- Finance --- Investment & Speculation --- Business & Economics --- Government policy --- Incentives, Tax --- Tax subsidies --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Tax expenditures --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Tax incentives. --- Government policy. --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Corporations --- Encouragements fiscaux --- Investissements étrangers --- Sociétés --- Impôts

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Depuis qu’elle a recouvré son indépendance, en 1991, l’Estonie a connu une remarquable transformation économique. Fin 2000, elle avait reçu environ 2.65 milliards de dollars d’IDE en provenance des pays européens et des Etats-Unis, et investi quelque 443 millions de dollars dans les autres pays baltes. L’IDE a financé des investissements nouveaux, des fusions-acquisitions et la privatisation d’entreprises d’Etat. L’instauration de conditions propices à l’IDE et l’ouverture aux échanges sont les éléments clés de la stratégie économique de l’Estonie. L’Estonie a été incluse dans le premier cercle des pays candidats à l’entrée dans l’UE, et a adhéré à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce le 13 novembre 2001. La refonte de l’ancien régime et la privatisation sont pratiquement achevées, et les autorités s’efforcent tout particulièrement de réduire la bureaucratie et d’améliorer encore la réglementation. Il subsiste très peu de restrictions à l’encontre de l’IDE. L’Estonie doit maintenant relever le défi de la concurrence et rattraper les nations plus prospères. Le 26 juillet 2001, l’Estonie a été admise à adhérer à la Déclaration de l’OCDE sur l’investissement international et les entreprises multinationales. Cela contribuera sans aucun doute à consolider les avancées récentes de l’Estonie et à développer encore ses relations économiques avec les pays de l’OCDE et les autres adhérents à la Déclaration.

Investments, Foreign --- Estonia --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- E.N.S.V. --- Eesti --- Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistik Vabariik --- Eesti NSV --- Eesti Vabariik --- Ehstland --- ENSV --- Esthland --- Esthonia --- Estland --- Estonian S.S.R. --- Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic --- Estonian SSR --- Ėstonii︠a︡ --- Estonija --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ S.S.R. --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ Sovetskaia Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaia Respublika --- Ėstonskai︠a︡ SSR --- Estonskaya S.S.R. --- Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sot︠s︡ialisticheskaya Respublika --- Estonskaya SSR --- R.P.S.S. Estonia --- Republic of Estonia --- RPSS Estonia --- Viro --- Эстония --- Ėstli︠a︡ndskai︠a︡ gubernīi︠a︡ (Russia) --- Ostland

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This paper studies the determinants of private capital flows to developing countries during the last two episodes of large inflows, the late 1970s-early 1980s and the 1990s. The paper also tests for contagion effects in capital flows among recipient countries, and tries to identify specific channels through which such effects can occur. It tests for neighborhood effects, trade-related effects, and for contagion based on the countries having similar macroeconomic indicators. The results show strong evidence for the first two effects during the 1990s, and indicate that the third effect varies depending on the type of capital flow.

Exports and Imports --- International Finance: General --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General --- International Financial Markets --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Finance --- Private capital flows --- Capital flows --- Capital inflows --- Foreign direct investment --- Exports --- Balance of payments --- International trade --- Capital movements --- Investments, Foreign --- Brazil